Piston Pyro: A thick-walled acrylic tube with aluminum plunger (from $45; survivalschool.com) forms a demonstration fire piston. It reveal a bit of cotton set alight by pressure alone.
You’ve probably seen contestants on Survivor trying to make fire by rubbing sticks together or concentrating sunlight with their eyeglasses. But, among preindustrial fire-starting methods, it’s hard to beat the portable convenience of fire pistons used in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times.
Almost all gases heat up when compressed. The harder and the faster the compression, the hotter the gas gets. It is hot enough even to ignite cotton wool or other flammable materials. Diesel engines also work the same way. They have no spark plugs but rather, the fuel/air mixture is ignited by compression as the cylinder closes up.
Almost all gases heat up when compressed. The harder and the faster the compression, the hotter the gas gets. It is hot enough even to ignite cotton wool or other flammable materials. Diesel engines also work the same way. They have no spark plugs but rather, the fuel/air mixture is ignited by compression as the cylinder closes up.
Perhaps most surprising is that this same principle also explains how many high explosives work. They are called “high” because their explosive reaction expands through a supersonic pressure wave that travels much faster than ordinary burning that makes them far more powerful than low explosives like gunpowder. Each successive bit of material in a high explosive ignites when the pressure wave compresses and heats trapped microscopic bubbles of gas. When manufactured without bubbles, even extremely powerful high explosives can be impossible to detonate. Without gas to compress, there is no way for the detonation wave to heat up neighboring areas.
For example, ANFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) explosive mixtures, commonly used in mining, don’t always naturally contain enough trapped gas, and require a “sensitizer” to render them reliably explosive. It's often just a slurry containing hollow glass microspheres.
Some high explosives also create heat through the friction of microscopic crystals rubbing against each other. However, in many cases, the difference between bang and no bang is just hot air.
Fancy Fire is another type of igniter that just also need compression of gas. A beautifully made wood-and-metal fire piston with a cost from $65 (wildersol.com); designed for lighting campfires or other survivalist needs Mike Walker
No comments:
Post a Comment